Electronic Surveillance And Its Historical Context

The first part of this paper framed FISA in its historical context. The 1978 Act initially enacted dealt only with electronic surveillance. It provided a statutory framework for collection of foreign intelligence information through the use of electronic surveillance of communications of foreign powers or agents of foreign powers. However, the Congress amended the act in 1995 and 1999 to provide a statutory framework for gathering foreign intelligence information through the use of electronic surveillance, physical searches, pen registers or trap and trace devices, access to business records and other tangible things. In sum, FISA grants broader authority than the Crime Control Act, but under a narrower range of circumstances. To limit the abuse of the Executive power that led to its passage, FISA also established the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Courts (FISC). The FISC requires the government to submit an application to obtain a surveillance warrant to a specially appointed FIS A judge. Moreover, since the FISA warrant is secret, the government in order to benefit from this higher level of secrecy bears a burden of showing that there is â€Å"probable cause† to believe the target is a foreign power and that the targeted information relates to the ability of the United States to protect against spying or terrorism. However, to address changing circumstances after the terrorist attacks of September 911, Congress has repeatedly amended FISA to adapt to the fight againstShow MoreRelated Government Surveillance vs Privacy Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pagesarticle, Hightower employs a metaphor to put into context that the drones are merely â€Å"Orwellian Gnats† that the government is putting into our skies without answering any of the public’s questions about them. 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In the context of this, cyber security and Internet crimes have emergedRead MoreImproving Financial Disclosure And Transparency1526 Words   |  7 PagesIn general, continuing disclosure data provide an idea of the financial health of the issuer over time. This brief offers an overview of the context of this issue, including the historical and current regulatory environment, in addition to synthesizing expert assessments of the existing system as well as proposed opportunities for improvement. CONTEXT The Secondary Market for Municipal Bonds When municipal securities trade after the primary offering, they are said to trade in the secondary

Analysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men Essay

Kelli Kuramoto Ms. Aguirre Survey #6 21 September 2016 Lovers or Loneliness Loneliness is inevitable in life, there is no escaping from it. It is a part of life that everyone undergoes. You can choose to let it define you, or you can define it. The choices you make in life will undoubtedly change your future. In the novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, there are a number of people that George and Lennie meet who experience loneliness. They find work as ranch hands in the city of Salinas, California. They meet an abundance of people who understand the hardships of a working man in 1937. George and Lennie soon learn that Crooks, the black man, and Curley’s Wife, the boss s son’s wife, both endure the misery of solitude and isolation. Loneliness is present in many ways throughout the novel. The characters in the book who are lonely want others to understand what they are feeling. However the fear of being alone can cause extreme reactions. The lonely characters in the book want others to suffer from what they’re feeling. For Crooks, he wants other people to experience his loneliness. When Lennie sees Crook’s light on one night, he wanders into his room asking if he had seen his dog. Crooks says no, but Lennie decides to linger inside his room a little longer. They make small talk for a while, but Crooks decides to pull Lennie’s tail and tells Lennie deceptive lies, â€Å"‘Well s’pose, jus’ s’pose he don’t come back. What’ll you do then?’ [†¦] ‘Maybe you can see now. YouShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 2778 Words   |  12 PagesLiterature 15 October 2014 Author Study: John Steinbeck John Steinbeck, born in February 27, 1902, worked as a manual labor worker before achieving his success as a well renowned American writer. A compassionate understanding of the world s disinherited was to be Steinbeck s hallmark. 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Steinbeck teaches the reader about the struggle of working hard for their dreams, having hope, and never giving up. A prime example of this is George, who tells his dream and creates dreams for other peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men839 Words   |  4 Pages Joe Cetrone Response to setting Of Mice and Men Along with the market crash of 1929, the United States underwent an economic calamity. Millions out of work, families destroyed and dreams crushed. Not only this, a solution to this disaster was nowhere in sight. Human existence was in question. And inevitably, the American Dream. With so many out of work, how would it have been possible for people to protect and serve their families? There was not enough money to go around, making it near impossibleRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 849 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Wha’s the matter with me?’ she cried. ‘Ain’t I got a right to talk to nobody? Whatta they think I am, anyways?† (Steinbeck 87) In the novella Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, Curley’s wife is discriminated against because she is a woman living in the 1930s when few females could live economically independent of men. By choosing not to name her, Steinbeck reinforces her insignificance on the ranch and her depe ndence on Curley. While a misfortunate victim of isolation, Curley’s wife exerts unexpectedRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1367 Words   |  6 Pagesworth. Living life with whom a person loves greatly increases happiness and trust between those in the relationship. But this unity may come at a cost; true friendship requires sacrifice. Friendship and loyalty in the novella, Of Mice and Men, by expression through John Steinbeck’s interpretation, brings greater understanding to their importance of each. Loyalty, protecting and standing by someone who a person respects or loves, as Lennie and George illustrate. Loyalty does involve a treacherousRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1020 Words   |  5 PagesWeak Do opposites really attract? Can two people, with no similarities, share a close bond? It proves to be so in the novel Of Mice and Men , written by John Steinbeck. A novel which tells the story of two men, George and Lennie, and their journey of a new job working on a ranch. A novel with a different but interesting style of writing. A novel where John Steinbeck utilizes how powerful George is over Lennie, to signify how people believe they are dominant over others, because of their greaterRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pagestowards women have been a problem in society since men foolishly decided to give women the stereotype of being housewives and only good for breeding children. Those who refuse to follow the stereotype are considered promiscuous, or unfaithful towards their significant other. This stereotype was highly expected of women during the early twentieth century, and was also exhibited in John Steinbeck’s Of Mice an d Men towards Curley’s wife. Of Mice and Men took place in the 1930s, and the plot follows twoRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1564 Words   |  7 PagesThe Life of John Steinbeck By: Alex Moses Mrs. Seymour 11/20/14 Dear Reader, I chose to research John Steinbeck for the Mulitgenre Research Project. I chose this American author because he has written many old timey American classics that signify the growth of the Untied States, which is exemplified in his novel, â€Å"Of Mice and Men†. This author is important to American literature because â€Å" Ideas are like rabbits. You get a couple and learn how to handle them, and

Whole Foods Market and Interpersonal Communication Free Essays

Discuss how the basic interpersonal communication model that is presented in Figure 8. 1 can be applied to the impersonal nature of an online forum. Interpersonal communication is communications between two or more people in an organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Whole Foods Market and Interpersonal Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now The skills needed for successful communication in the workplace include reading, listening, managing and interpreting information, and serving clients. The basic interpersonal communication model that is presented in Figure 8. can be applied to impersonal nature of an online forum by following the same principle that an individual would in the workplace, the only difference is instead of communicating face to face you will be communicating electronically in an online forum. In interpersonal communication there is the communicator, the message, the receiver, perceptual screens and feedback. In an impersonal nature of an online forum the same method applies. For example, skillful interpersonal communication involves basic conversational language skills including listening and speaking abilities, a basic understanding of how personalities and cultures effect communication, an understanding of your own personality, culture, and preferences, and knowledge of conflict prevention techniques. An individual can apply these same guidelines in an online forum. Instead of listening and speaking abilities like an individual would follow through interpersonal communication, the individual would use correct grammar and punctuation. How does defensive communication enter into this case? Defensive communication can be defined as communication that can be aggressive, attacking, and angry, or passive and withdrawing. Defensive communication enters into this case through John Mackey, CEO of Whole Foods Market. He continuously displays communication that is aggressive, attacking, and angry. One incident defensive communication took place at a retailing conference in Manhattan in 2001, John Mackey shouted â€Å"I’m going to destroy you,† to Perry Odak, CEO of Wild Oats. John Mackey posted numerous comments that criticized Wild Oats Markets such as â€Å"no company would want to buy Wild Oats Markets Inc. , â€Å"OATS locations are too small and management doesn’t know what they are doing†, and â€Å"Oats has no value and no future. † For nearly eight years Mackey posted online comments under the name Rahodeb, in the online stock forums of Yahoo Finance. How is the Internet transforming the way people communicate? The Internet is transforming the way people communicate through several methods. For instance, through online communication one cannot truly know how the other person is feeling because facial and eye behaviors and/or body gestures become absent. This makes it difficult for an individual to communicate with another through online forums. Also, just like in interpersonal communication one must be aware of cultural diversity, in online forums, an individual may not be aware of the culture in which they are trying to communicate which in turn makes communication difficult. Another method in which Internet is transforming the way people communicate is since online forums are impersonal in nature; the Internet shields the sender from personal interaction. This may cause individuals less patient with face-to-face communication. However, the use of online forums encourages polyphasic, or multi-tasking activity. Discuss the ethical problems that are revealed by examining John Mackey’s online postings in relation to the communications provision of the Whole Foods Declaration of Interdependence? Ethical problems that are revealed by examining John Mackey’s online posting in relation to the communications provisions of the Whole Foods Declaration of Interdependence include John Mackey’s actions of unprofessionalism. The postings under the pseudonym name Rahodeb were extremely unprofessional especially coming from the CEO of the company. The communications provisions of the Whole Foods Declaration of Interdependence states â€Å"[o]ur ability to install a clear sense of interdependence among our various stockholders†¦is contingent to communicate more often, more openly, and more compassionately. Better communication equals better understanding and more trust. † Mackey’s communication through Yahoo Finance postings, were far from compassionate and open. He slandered the Wild Oats Market reputation. How to cite Whole Foods Market and Interpersonal Communication, Essay examples

Male Privileges in Pakistan Free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Disccuss about the Male Privileges in Pakistan. Answer: Male privilege can be understood by the term itself that it considers to the factors, advantages or rights with respect to social, economic and politics that are given or allowed specifically to the men on the basis of their sex. Here, in this essay we will focus on the male privileges in Pakistan where we will study in brief the mans access to the benefits and the personal view on the stated advantages. The essay will give an idea about the how the men in Pakistan since their birth are focused and cared from their family. The essay will give the perspective on how these below points are not completely valid to me as there must be a gender equality in the country where the women or men all must enjoy same kind of freedom and right to work according to their own will. On the other hand some of the privileges like taking the responsibility of the old people in the family are one of the points that seemed me to be valid and appropriate according to the masculine norms. The certain crite ria and thinkings are related with the advantages that are taken or given to the male group which negatively impacts the definition of the privileges. The essay below will particularly talk about four privileges in deep along with some extra findings on the basis of the sources studied. Men in Pakistan are given more preference than the women who are mostly neglected. People in Pakistan prefer towards giving birth to male rather than female child. I came across this factor after reading various journals and reports on the medical care which were given to more frequently to the sons that the daughters. This shows that more of the care is given to the men rather than women. In the same manner this extends into later childhood and adolescence (Hou 2016). It might be one of the reasons because people tend to believe that the women are a complete wasted investment. The people in Pakistan think that if they have boy child they are blessed because they are the bread earners of the family and whatever they will earn or whatever the family has will stay with family itself rather would not go to others family as in case of girls (Khurshid 2016). Therefore, this preference of boys is embedded in the cultural essence of Pakistan. This often led to higher mortality rate in women . According to my reading and findings I have also read that the girls are breastfed for less number of months as compared to the male and even the males provided with more medical attention and care. Men in Pakistan also enjoy the privilege of freedom in the entire context as compared to women. There they enjoy many of the opportunities such as the freedom to education starting from the primary to higher studies some even go out to pursue higher studies in abroad where as the women are not facilitated with this opportunity. Over 62% of the women of total have not ever been to primary schools in Pakistan (En.unesco.org, 2018). This in turn shows that the literacy level in women is too low as where in male the literacy rate is 69% and against female is 45%. Men in Pakistan have no further restriction while staying out of the house till late (The Nation, 2018). This is a kind of privilege that can be accepted but on the other hand the female group being in so much isolated form such as wearing burqa in public could have been accepted only if the same rights as like the men enjoy could have been enjoyed by the women. Pakistan is a country where basically there are two perceptions tha t women are to be subordinated to men and that mans honor resides in the action of the women of the family. According to me the freedom should be distributed equally to everyone in the country (Shah 2015). This way the country can get advantage of using its manpower to turn into its capital. According to my perspective this advantage taken by the men is not a right decision because the employment rate in the country can be contributed by both the gender which gradually shows the result by increasing the countrys development in all the sectors. Whereas, in my thinking the country should provide equal opportunity for both the genders to operate with their own decisions. Purdah is practiced in the country for only the women which is part of tradition, region and class which nowhere adds value but only unrelated men and women mix freely. This all practices are not only accepted in the rural but in urban residences too. This country is based and focused more on the men power rather than women because they believe that womens mobility is limited even in their behavior and activities (Shaikh and Pathan 2016). In this country, the employment options for the male section of the society are wider as for the females. Many professions such as games including cricket, Olympics and other, then army, science and technology this all field give the superior importance to the male group. Men enjoy a privilege in Pakistan where they give their family their own name and take the responsibility of the old people whereas the women leave their house after marriage and go to men house. This responsibility of men taking care of the elder people sounds nice but again the same women are no more responsible for getting any of the shares from her family and instead she had to take care and support her husbands family (Khalid, Nyborg and Khattak 2015). It is believed that men carry forward the name of the family and business trade but women do not which is not appreciated at all. The male are give the major of the land and property rights from his family. Women would be also given the right to take in charge of the family trade because they also have the capability to run the business successfully. The government there in Pakistan serves the benefit to the men who are eligible for holding all the property rights of the family more than the women. In some cases women are not even posted with any of the property rights once they are married to another family. Men can have the intention to keep relation with women informally whereas women can only keep formal relations with men. This type of thinking is back dated as it not only gives rise to illogical beliefs but also the illegal power to rise and impact negatively. The impacts can be as the men forcing his likes and dislikes or simply his opinions on the women and utilizing his power of authority in a distressful manner. Male are more subjected to adapt to any kind of decisions according to their like and dislike. As compared to the women they are not allowed to take all the decisions of their own but need to take permission from their father or brother. The country allows the men to work in any of the field without any of the restrictions. The men enjoy all sought of freedom in the country starting from earning their education in primary to earning opportunity in studying abroad. They make their own decision on the basis of their like and dislike. They even enjoy the privilege that they get in the field of employment as compared to the women of the country. More of the public services are preferred to the men as compared to the women who only constitute a few amount of contribution in the employment sector (Gill, Phull and Chachar 2017). Male are believed to take their own responsibilities and handle each situations and are believed that they are hard and not soft like women as a result they can tak e the responsibility of all the members of the family and this in turn gives them the right to take all the necessary decisions and even the decisions for the women of their family (Zubair and Zubair 2017). Their dislikes and likes are preferred by the society which led them a privilege by birth. This is wrong, because the right to make decision on the basis of own needs and requirements is to be granted to all. Men are domain with work and for women the work only limits within home related stuffs and taking care of the children. Research Journey While doing the assignment on reflective essay on the above topic it was interesting and knowledgeable as in the sense I never knew that there are such privileges taken in any part of the world where most of the benefits are given only to the men but not the women. I read out many reports and articles to understand the privileges that are allowed to the men in Pakistan. Some of the privileges were same as in other countries. It was also benefit for me because due to this study I went through many statistics which showed the level of literacy in Pakistan among females and males, the contribution of females in the work force and many other statistics. The main challenge while doing the assignment was to find out the exact privileges that were enjoyed by the men in Pakistan. As there are less information given on the specific about the privileges and more of the information were available on the feminism or the women of Pakistan. While the privileges are enjoyed by the men it can be see n that they strongly relate to the daily life domesticity. The decision making, taking forward the family name and trade are all part of the privileges that can be enjoyed by the male and female both but still are only addressed as male privilege in the country. The differences between male and female privileges in different countries, is the idea I have found with doing this assignment. Before doing this assignment I had no idea that on the name of privileges the men in some of the countries like Pakistan enjoy a limitless facility and which is given to them by their family members only. This research had helped me to gain knowledge on the field of privileges enjoyed by men in all the section of the society such as the social, political and economically. In the end, the essay can be concluded as such that male privileges that are enjoyed in Pakistan are partially correct and in some cases do not make any sense of their applicability. The first privilege that the male enjoy is they get the treatment and the facility at best from their birth where the women as compared to them do not get the same. In the similar manner again the male get various kinds of opportunity such as staying out with their friends, right to wear any sort of clothes of their choice, completing their education going abroad for wider opportunities. They enjoy the privileges offered by the services and institutions. The impacts of the privileges which are being used in a negative manner can affect the society and it consequences can lead to drag down the development of the society and the country. Some of the predetermined privileges wrongly formed due to the cultural thinking are the result of privileges harming the society and its components mainly the women. From the above it had been noticed that the male not only enjoy benefits in the field of education but also socially and in the family with great importance. References En.unesco.org. 2018. [online] Available at: https://en.unesco.org/gem-report/sites/gem-report/files/girls-factsheet-en.pdf [Accessed 17 Mar. 2018]. Gill, F., Phull, G.M. and Chachar, A.A., 2017. Human Rights Violations Of Labour And Women In Pakistan.Grassroots,51(1). Hou, X., 2016. How Does Womens Decision-Making Power Affect Budget Share, Nutrition and Education in Pakistan?.Journal of Family and Economic Issues,37(1), pp.115-131.=== Khalid, A., Nyborg, I. and Khattak, B.N., 2015. Whose property whose authority? Gendering the legal and customary practices in ownership and access to land: A case of Swat, Pakistan.Journal of Rural Studies,41, pp.47-58. Khurshid, A., 2016. Domesticated gender (in) equality: Womens education gender relations among rural communities in Pakistan.International Journal of Educational Development,51, pp.43-50. Shah, S., 2015. Where does the power lie? Gender, leadership, and positional power.Women leading education across the continents: Overcoming the barriers, pp.165-172. Shaikh, N. and Pathan, P.A., 2016. Islamic Perspectives Of Women Rights.Grassroots,50(1). The Nation. 2018.Female literacy rate. [online] Available at: https://nation.com.pk/05-Aug-2016/female-literacy-rate [Accessed 17 Mar. 2018]. Zubair, S. and Zubair, M., 2017, July. Situating Islamic feminism (s): Lived religion, negotiation of identity and assertion of third space by Muslim women in Pakistan. InWomen's Studies International Forum(Vol. 63, pp. 17-26). Pergamon.